b>3D printing is based on the creation of an object in three dimensions through the superposition of successive layers of material through a simple assembly.
What is 3D printing?
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer, rather than removing material from a solid block (as is done in traditional manufacturing). This process is carried out through the use of a 3D printer, which reads a three-dimensional digital design and converts it into a physical object through the successive deposition of layers of material, which can be plastic, metal, ceramic, resin, among others.
The 3D printing process has become increasingly popular due to its versatility and ability to produce personalized objects quickly and relatively inexpensively. It is used in a wide range of fields, including medicine (for the manufacture of prosthetics and anatomical models), engineering (for the creation of prototypes and spare parts), architecture, aerospace, fashion, among others.
Where is 3D printing used?
3D printing is being adopted in a wide range of industries and fields of application due to its versatility and ability to manufacture personalized objects quickly and efficiently.
This type of technology is used in sectors such as the following:
-
Manufacturing industry: Used for the manufacture of prototypes, tools, molds and production parts in various sectors such as automotive, aerospace, electronics and consumer goods.
-
Medicine and dentistry: In medicine it is used for the manufacture of personalized prostheses, anatomical models for surgical planning, medical instruments and assistive devices. In dentistry it is used for the manufacture of dental models, transparent aligners and dental prostheses.
-
Architecture and construction: Used to create architectural models, building prototypes, decorative elements and structural components.
Education: In educational environments it is used to teach design, engineering and manufacturing concepts through the creation of prototypes and models.
-
Art and design: Used for the creation of sculptures, jewelry, fashion and other art and design objects.
-
Food industry: In gastronomy it is used to create personalized shapes and designs with edible ingredients, as well as for the manufacture of molds and kitchen utensils.
Tool and spare parts manufacturing: Used for the manufacturing of custom tools, hard-to-find spare parts, and replacement parts for various machinery and equipment.
-
Research and development: In laboratories and research centers it is used for the creation of prototypes, experimental models and personalized scientific devices.
When was 3D printing created?
The technology that eventually led to the development of 3D printing began to take shape in the 1980s. In 1984, Charles Hull invented and patented the process known as stereolithography (SLA), which is one of the fundamental technologies of 3D printing. This technique uses a laser to solidify successive layers of photosensitive resin, thus creating three-dimensional objects.
In the following years, other 3D printing technologies were developed, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) patented by Scott Crump in 1989, which is the basis of the most common desktop 3D printers today. Since then, 3D printing has seen significant growth in terms of technological advancements, industrial applications, and commercial availability.
Although the roots of 3D printing date back to the 1980s, it was in the 2000s that this technology began to gain more attention and popularity, especially with the expiration of several key patents that allowed the industry to expand and democratization of access to 3D printing. Since then, 3D printing has continued to evolve and has found numerous applications in a wide variety of fields.
What are the main components of a 3D system?
Although the components may vary depending on the 3D printing technology used, we can list the following as the main common components in a 3D system:
- Data Source: This component provides the three-dimensional digital design to be printed. It can be a model created using computer-aided design (CAD) software, a 3D scan of an existing physical object, or a model downloaded from an online library.
- Modeling software: Used to design, edit and prepare digital models for printing. This can include CAD software to design models from scratch, as well as slicing and print preparation software to adjust print parameters and generate the instruction files for the 3D printer.
- 3D Printer: It is the central component of the system and is responsible for carrying out the additive manufacturing process. The 3D printer reads data from the digital model and uses specific technology to deposit material layer by layer and build the physical object.
- Printing material: This is the material used to construct the physical object. It can be plastic, metal, ceramic, resin or other materials, depending on the 3D printing technology used and the required properties of the final object.
- Build Platform: It is the surface on which the object is printed. It can be a mobile platform that moves vertically (in printers with technologies such as FDM or SLA) or a static base on which layers of material are deposited (in technologies such as SLS or SLM).
- Control system: This component controls and coordinates the movements of the 3D printer, the temperature of the printing material, the printing speed and other relevant parameters to ensure accurate and high-quality printing.
